Biographical Reflection of John the Baptist Free Essays

Historical Reflection of a Saint-John the Baptist Though such a practiced man, very little is known about John the Baptist’s adolescence. John, what an essential name right? Off-base, even the name of John was sacred, for his name in Hebrew methods, â€Å"Jehovah is thoughtful. † But proceeding onward to his grown-up life, he sought after the life of a cleric while never being formally perceived in that capacity. We will compose a custom exposition test on True to life Reflection of John the Baptist or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The best thing that happened in his grown-up life was the Baptism of Christ Jesus, our Lord. Nonetheless, not many individuals realize that Jesus and John were family members, cousins actually. John didn't realize that Christ was the Messiah until the supernatural occurrence at the Jordan River. At the point when Jesus moved toward John and asked that he might be purified through water in the method of the Lord, John stated, â€Å"Should it not be you ace, who purifies me. † And Jesus answered, â€Å"I am nevertheless a worker to you, not ace. † And with that, John consented to immerse Christ, yet as the water was spilled out upon Christ’s head, the Holy Spirit was uncovered. Known as the principal follower of the finished Christ, presently brought together with the Holy Spirit, John proceeded with the strategic submersion. With respect to when he earned the epithet â€Å"Son of Thunder,† Christ gave the name to him, under rather unfavorable conditions. They were voyaging together through Judea, and Christ was under derision. John felt they were as a rule so uncalled for, so distant from as well as could be expected be, he approached the ruler to clear them out. Now Christ supplicated that God would excuse them, while telling John, regardless of how uncalled for the Judeans were the Lord will never take life for his name. He was in certain faculties so near heavenly nature others asked whether he was simply the Messiah, nonetheless, he generally answered, â€Å"Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I stated, I am not the Christ, however that I am sent before him. He that hath the lady of the hour is the groom: yet the companions of the spouse, which stand and hear him, celebrate incredibly in view of the bridegroom’s voice: hence my satisfaction subsequently is satisfied. He should increment, yet I should diminish. † This demonstrated his modest energy about Christ, by saying he should be known less, and Christ more. Anyway not long after the Miracle at the Jordan, ruler Herod for the spreading of as he put it, â€Å"an unconventional faith,† captured John. He went through two years in jail until he was discharged on account of the new, changing Roman Empire. John in the end returned to purifying through water at the Jordan. This profession was indeed fleeting nonetheless, for Salome, offspring of Herodias, requested his demise. What's more, in this manner his destiny was unchangeable; he was to be executed in A. D. 31. When decapitated, his head was to be given to Salome with a royal flair, as an indication of lack of regard. Concerning what I think, I feel the demonstration of absolving Jesus was the most noteworthy respect humanly conceivable. For this he was fortunate to be the one to perform so respectable a demonstration. As the primary holy person I had ever known, John substantially affected my life. When I realized what Confirmation was, I realized I needed to pick the main I had known, he with the best effect on me, John. I recollect continually feeling a feeling of holiness at whatever point I saw a delineation of him absolving Christ. As a youngster, I generally needed to get information; in light of this I turned out to be progressively acquainted with him, even at an early age. The thing I preferred about him the most as a kid was the means by which I shared his name. Thus, this true to life reflection starts and finishes with a name, John. Step by step instructions to refer to Biographical Reflection of John the Baptist, Papers

Thomas Cook PESTEL Analysis

Thomas Cook PESTEL Analysis This report will examine and assess the key attack of Thomas Cook plc and its basic achievement factors utilizing scientific devices. The PESTEL Analysis is utilized to assess conditions in the Travel and Tourism advertise condition and how these conditions influence Thomas Cook plc and its rivals now and later on. A doormen five powers examination will likewise be utilized to decide the serious force and consequently allure of the movement and the travel industry. Presentation Thomas Cook Travel Company was first begun by its namesake in June of 1841 and has since become the universes most conspicuous name in the movement business. The merger of Thomas Cook AG and My Travel Group plc on June nineteenth of 2007 created Thomas Cook plc, making Thomas Cook the second biggest relaxation travel bunch in the UK behind TUI Travel plc its significant rival. Thomas Cook has practical experience in giving a wide scope of bundle occasions to goals. (Thomascook.com) INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS (Task A) PESTEL ANALYSIS The PESTEL outline work classifies natural impacts into six fundamental sorts which are political, conservative, social, innovative, ecological and legitimate (see reference section A). The PESTEL system assists supervisors with understanding the key drivers of progress and furthermore the differential effect of these outside impacts and drivers on the business, markets and individual associations. (Johnson, Gerry, 2005). Political components According to CIPD, alliance governments spending slices are going to bring about 0.7million employment misfortunes in the open part. The movement and the travel industry is in the open part; in this way their representatives are confronted with fears of repetition. Declaration of redundancies will perpetually adversy affect assurance, inspiration and efficiency of outstanding representatives. The negative impacts can be decreased by delicate treatment of excess representatives and those remaining and to be as legitimate as conceivable with the rest of the staff to recover their confidence and certainty. (cipd.co.uk) Financial components are of worry to travel and the travel industry, since they may impact request, costs, costs and benefits. Bundle occasions are a salary flexible business, as pay diminishes or rises; it can significantly affect the interest. Subsequently looking forward, open part slices are probably going to have a significant result on the movement and the travel industry. Social Factors Redundancies and other government cuts will conceivably bring about restricted extra cash for purchasers. As indicated by Mintel, some 12% of buyers are spending nothing on unnecessary items, with 35% portraying themselves as exceptionally mindful, 30% as very wary, and just 5% as not in any way careful. This is a result of the diminishing in discretionary cashflow. On the off chance that salary diminishes, at that point spending will turn out to be increasingly wary, particularly on pay flexible things, for example, bundle occasions, in this way decreasing profitâ margins for the movement business. With all the bundle occasions in the UK, flexibly will stay high as request diminishes driving organizations to decrease their costs. The spending cuts will imply that business officials should cut their financial plans and in all likelihood utilize minimal effort travel planes, for example, Easy Jet and Rynair. Video conferencing is improving constantly, and the cost has tumbled to zero utilizing on the web frameworks, for example, yippee ambassador, business might be compelled to utilize this technique to impart to lessen their expenses. This going to influence the movement business a ton, administrators give business whenever of the year while occasions are regular. This will diminish clients. In the event that tasteful seats are either empty or gaining less income, this implies less flights or taking off economy class passages. Organizations will likewise be compelled to give deals to relaxation voyagers ready to move up to business class. Innovative Factors The most impressive model innovation is the rise and improvement of the web, which prompted decreased expenses and expanded operational productivity inside the travel industry offices and air terminals. Since the web is turning out to be better each day, its causing closeness between visit administrators and customers and improving satisfaction for the two gatherings. Aside the web, other significant advancements that help the ceaseless development of the travel industry are those executed by transportation, which is getting more secure, faster and additionally satisfying. The innovative executions inside the travel industry activities have prompted changes in working conduct and will likewise result an expansion of interest for work power, inferring as with the end goal that instructive foundations place more accentuation on educating the travel industry. Ecological Factors Protecting nature is one of the most discussed and delicate issues today, making ecological duty part of the variables that decide a visit administrators achievement. As indicated by a dangerous atmospheric devation 2020, flying which ships a huge number of sightseers over the globe is of extraordinary worry to those trying to secure the earth. A significant worry for the business isâ greenhouseâ gasâ emissions and their suggestion for environmental change. Flying produces at any rate two percent of emanations. One way the aeronautics business is dealing with this issue is by turning out more current planes that have eco-friendly motors which implies less carbon outflows. Anyway not all carriers particularly in the more unfortunate nations can bear the cost of purchasing new airplane. Doormen FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Doormen five powers examination (see index B) was created to as a method of surveying the engaging quality of various businesses. The five powers comprise an industrys structure. (Johnson, Gerry, 2008) Dangers of substitutes The absence of discretionary cashflow and the impact of alliance government spending slices are probably going to change buyer ways of managing money, therefore with a noteworthy move sought after from extravagance merchandise to sub-par products which are significantly more reasonable, customers are probably going to move to nearby and less expensive occasions and may decide to utilize trains (eurostar) or their vehicles to neighborhood occasions. Fear based oppression has influenced the attitude of explorers and has made voyaging increasingly troublesome and awkward. Individuals need to consider security issues from when they begin pressing to when they arrive at their goal, this will persuade more voyagers to utilize prepares or occasion locally. This is anyway a moderate danger since clients for the most part favor carriers since they are a lot speedier. Serious Rivalry The Travel and the travel industry involves a major section of the business advertise and in this manner gives numerous chances to visit administrators; anyway its an exceptionally serious industry. To be fruitful a bundle occasion organization needs to find the best fit between their individual aptitudes, skills and assets and outer market qualities to ensure that they keep steady over their game. Brand acknowledgment and quality additionally decide the accomplishment of an organization against its rivals, particularly if circumstances are difficult in the economy. Arranging forces of purchasers Request in bundle occasion industry is amazingly versatile; this implies purchasers won't simply acknowledge a given cost by a bundle occasion organization. Clients will utilize any data sources accessible to them, for example, the web to search for better and restrictive arrangements accessible around, and with such huge numbers of bundle occasions accessible in the UK, they are probably going to discover one and utilize an alternate organization. As examined above about the impact of economy on the movement business, the forces of purchasers are that they affect the setting of costs as per the costs which are around in the market. Basic SUCCESS FACTORS Basic achievement factors are utilized to distinguish key factors that a business needs to concentrate on to guarantee that their business is effective. To endure and flourish, all industry members must utilize a rising system. New methodology is a method of activity that creates after some time in an industry without a particular crucial, or long haul plans. Developing methodologies ought to be completely broke down with regards to an undeniably dynamic, profoundly serious and worldwide business advertise. Powerful outside powers referenced in the PESTEL investigation are pushing organizations to lessen costs, improve forms and recognize new open doors for development and a new system will assist organizations with adapting to these elements. A rising methodology prompts progressively inventive and responsive technique making which is appropriate to the hyper-serious and eccentric conditions, for example, the bundle occasion industry. It is increasingly fit to impelling positive, transformational authoritative change, for example, broadening or rebuilding. It additionally has the additional advantage of assisting with decreasing protection from change as it permits time to fabricate representative help while the methodology is coming to fruition. (powerfulwords.co.uk)

How to Write an APA Essay

How to Write an APA EssayYou may have spent hours thinking about how to go about writing an APA essay. It is a very good idea to read through the sample essay that is included with your test book, as this will give you a sense of how to structure the questions in order to get your points across. It also gives you a feeling for how each question will be scored by the administration.One common error that is made by many test takers is failing to discuss the meaning of a term in its appropriate context. There are two forms of the APA Essay. The first one that you will need to write is known as a single-answer and the second is known as the Multiple-Choice form.It is important that you are able to answer all the questions correctly in order to earn a passing grade. However, it is easy to get too much information on a topic at once and end up losing the flow. An APA essay is considered to be about a specific topic so you should choose which questions to answer and which to leave to the ex perts.It can be very confusing to try to figure out how to write an APA sample essay. However, the better writers are able to see the format that the test makers use they should be able to write their essays easily. If you want to see exactly how the format is done there is one option available to you and that is to look through the sample essay that is included with your test.Most test books come with this type of essay. The first thing that you need to do is to make sure that you have completely read the instructions. Once you know what to do, you can then begin to work on the writing process.You should start writing your essay with the outline. It is very important that you know exactly where you want to go. This will help you stay focused and not get distracted. The outline should include information such as the introduction, body, and conclusion.You should take your time when writing your essay. Do not rush through it. You will be spending weeks on the essay so take your time. Doing this will help you build a strong foundation that you can continue working from when writing the rest of the essay.Once you are through with the outline you can start to write the essay. You should try to keep the narrative as simple as possible. Try to include information in each paragraph that leads up to the next. It is important that the reader gets the feeling that they are actually learning something new each and every time they read your essay.

The Effects of Motivation on Performance Essay - 5138 Words

The Effects of Motivation on Performance Findings Task 2- Write a Report on the effects of Motivation on Performance Research people’s attitude to work and factors affecting their motivation by constructing a questionnaire and conducting a small survey. You should aim to distribute your questionnaire to at least 5 people within your organisation. Gather information on what motivates individual performance and identify attitudes to work by interviewing an employee in-depth and comparing their attitudes with your own. Relate you findings to motivation theories and provide a description of the motivators appropriate for different types of individual performance. Andrew and Robertson: An Introduction to the Business†¦show more content†¦This method also serves to lower the amount of effort put into motivational practices. Close quarters arrangements This method thought not intended is highly effective in motivating staff. When I worked at Andrew and Robertson’s I noticed that the environment was extremely helpful. People were always in a helpful mood and the method of forcing employees into helping each other via the forming of friendship and mutuality. Appraisal Meetings (Token) As stated above the appraisal systems are seen as token in the eyes of most employees who work for Andrew and Robertson’s. This is partly because their views are listened to but ignored. (Which will be talked about later in the report) The Office Environment Environmental Operations Environmentalism has been fully adopted by Andrew and Robertson’s and the impact of production of the environment has been reduced wherever possible. As stated above Andrew and Robertson’s adapts a lot of environmental policies, which all departments and units must follow. Which adds value to the company’s environmental image. Andrew and Robertson’s one of the biggest private project undertaken in United Kingdom since 1997 (Poverty in London). The company’s participation in the charity work increased sales for the year and increased the long-term â€Å"perceived value† of the company. As well as helping outside organisations, this activity also gave Andrew and Robertson’s employees aShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Motivation On Job Performance1667 Words   |  7 PagesSecondly, work effort or motivation is also an important effect to job performance. Motivation refers to the employees’ willingness to perform, how much responsibility the employees perform their job, how much effort they put in work in order to explains why some people feel happy with their jobs while others feel unhappy so they leave their jobs or stay on but complaint or not come to work properly (according to Elliot, Andrew J; Covington, Martin, 2001). For example, a student spends double timeRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On Employee Performance Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages The Art of Motivation Tushayla R. 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(Adams et al, 2010) A person’s personality determines howRead MoreThe Effect of Personality and Motivation on Sports Performance2783 Words   |  12 PagesFor this assignment I will explain the effect of personality and motivation on sports performance. Introduction Personality is the sum of a person’s individual characteristics that make him/her unique. (Adams et al, 2010) A person’s personality determines how they react in certain situations, their general mood and the consistency of it and their emotions. Personality can affect many aspects of sport right from the selection process because as well as raw talent, coaches need performers toRead MoreThe Effects of Teacher Expectations on Students Motivation and Performance2472 Words   |  10 PagesThe purpose of this literature review is to examine how teacher expectations have effects on students’ motivation and performance and, if so, how teachers can become better aware of their effects on students and how to improve them. 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Analysis Of George Washington Carver s The Golden Door...

George Washington Carver once said â€Å"Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.† Freedom can be defined in various ways by different people. To many immigrants, America is often seen as that opportunity of freedom, the freedom to learn, the freedom to love, and even just the freedom to exist. In this paper, I will put into words the story behind a second generation female immigrant’s experiences. By using various articles and notes given in class, I will talk about her and her family’s assimilation process and how their freedom involves the power of education. I interviewed a second generation individual for this paper. I shall call her Margo, for the sake of confidentiality purposes. She is currently a high school student. Margo was born in America to two immigrant parents, making her a second generation immigrant (Feliciano Lec 01/04/16). Both of Margo’s parents migrated from Sri Lanka, a small country located by the tip of India. Mar go’s parents came to America to escape the ongoing civil war that was taking place in Sri Lanka. There was a rivalry between the Tamils and the Sinhalese, two groups of people in Sri Lanka. Being Tamil, her family was faced with so many disadvantages, seeing that the Sinhalese were the dominant group. During the war, her family faced a lot of discrimination. Margo’s mom’s brother was shot to death in the middle of the street for no reason at all. Tired of all of the injustices faced, Margo’s parents decided to migrate to the

The Purpose Of This Essay Is To Evaluate The Use Of...

The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the use of observation as a method of study within psychology. In order to undertake this evaluation the essay will initially discuss two traditional methods of investigation which are experimentation and observation. Furthermore, it will highlight differences between the two methods. In the second part of the essay, a deeper examination of the observational method itself will be undertaken. Here, examples of research in which the use of the observational method has proven successful will be considered. In conclusion, the essay will examine limitations of the observational method in psychological research. Two traditional methods used in psychological research are known as the experimental method†¦show more content†¦There are four categories of observation; the controlled observation when participants are observed in the environment under the observers control, such as Milgram cited in Banyard (2010), where the filming of participants occurred to observe their emotional reactions; naturalistic observation where behaviour is studied within its natural context; structured observation guided by observational categories and finally, participant and non-participant observation where the researcher participates in the group being studied or as in non-participant observes from outside the group. The research into cognitive dissonance within a religious cult by Festiinger (1956), exemplifies participant observation. Examining both of these methods, experimental psychology has received criticism especially in its use of the laboratory setting. The laboratory experimental setting is considered by some as being too controlled, meaning behaviour studied may be artificial and therefore, not generalisable beyond this setting. Further criticisms levied at the experimental method have included confounding variables such as demand characteristics , may impact upon results. Demand characteristics occur when participants develop ideas of the purpose of the experiment and alter behaviour accordingly. Furthermore, the experimental method has been hampered by an inability to study naturally occurring behaviour which if created artificially would be considered unethical Show MoreRelatedReflective Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluences they have left in our lives. In simple words a reflective essay is a piece of ‘you’ being presented in words. What is Reflection? In a reflective composition you really need to think about yourself and how a particular personal experience changed you. 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Being able to effectively communicate is a vital component and element in all areas of the nursing profession as well as being culturally competent. It is vital in all its interventions such as treatment, therapy, rehabilitation, interventions, education and health promotion. This dynamic componentRead MoreHow Rhetoric Is Required For Eve ry College Student1566 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding how to use rhetoric is required for every college student in order for them to write an academic essay. In college writing, many professors wants us, as students, to actually write a college paper, not an informal paper that may be accepted in high school. de the reader feel that we know what we need to write and how to write rhetorical awareness is important for multilingual writer. Because The instructor want us to be able use our own knowledge and demonstrate our own skills whileRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : An Old Assignment From A Civil Engineering Seminar1257 Words   |  6 Pagessee how well they can address the prompt. They all have to do with evaluating our paper. Everything writing has to have a purpose; it s to show the reader what they need to know as they keep reading on the paper. Here in this writing assignment, the purpose of my paper is to evaluate an old assignment from the previous course in my field . The assignment I will be using for this rhetorical analysis is a project paper from a Civil Engineering Seminar. But before I start talking about my assignment,Read MoreEvaluation And Explain The Four Stages Of The Assessment Process1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this reading is to define â€Å"evaluation† and explain the four stages of the assessment process. Evaluations are a critical part of the learning process. Assessments not only evaluates the students’, but also the teacher since they are able to evaluate their own techniques and skills. The first thing addressed in the reading is an explanation of the difference between an â€Å"evaluation† and an â€Å"assessment†. Tenbrink (2015) describes the four stages of the evaluation process. The first stepRead MoreReflective Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesHow do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarise the opinions of others. 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Edmundson, professor at the University of Virginia, says his students are constantly â€Å"going† and that they never stop; they never settle in fear of missing something great. In lieu of this, Edmundson says that they are, â€Å"victims of their own hunger for speed† (Edmundson2). He also adds that his students, and young people in general, use today’s

Courts As Legislators Essay Example For Students

Courts As Legislators Essay Courts AsLegislatorsThe purpose of this paper is to show that although not originally intended to, some our modern day courts in the United States have in essence become legislators. I will give a brief overview of the history of courts and site some cases where the decisions handed down or the opinions of the court have set precedent in the way the law is understood and enforced. As long as man has been on this earth there have been conflicts or disputes that needed to be resolved by a third party. By definition, a court is a.) a place where legal justice is administered b.) a judicial tribunal duly constituted for the hearing and determination of cases. The recognized existence of even primitive courts implies a relatively high degree of social organization and the need for systematic resolution of disputes based on established customs and rules of conduct. Courts have been set up to hear disputes between two or more parties. In medieval European history a Curiae was a court, or group of persons, who attended to a ruler at any given time for disputes of social, political or judicial purposes were resolved. Its composition and functions varied considerably from time to time and from country to country during a period when executive, legislative and judicial functions were not as distinct as they were later to become. The ruler and the curia made all policy an d decisions either great or small and if the ruler was a powerful one, were as active as a modern day court of law. The curia of England underwent an evolution from the medieval curiae. It was known as Curia Regis, which was introduced at the time of the Norman Conquest (1066) and lasted until the end of the 13th century. The Curia Regis was the start that the higher courts of law, the Privy Council and the Cabinet, evolved from. About the same time, the Curia undertook financial duties. The members were called justices and in the kings absence presided over the court. In 1178, Henry II took another step by appointing five Curia members to form a special court of justice, which became the Court of Common Pleas. Initially the justices of this court followed the Kings court from place to place, but Magna Carta (1215) provided for the court to be established in one place. There was also Ecclesiastical courts, which was a tribunal set up by religious authorities to deal with disputes am ong clerics or with spiritual matters between clerics and layman. Although you can find such courts today among the Jews, Muslims and some Christian sects, their functions have become limited to strictly religious issues and the governance of church property. During earlier periods, the ecclesiastical courts often heard matters of the non-spiritual, and during the Middle Ages; the Roman Catholic Church even rivaled the non-spiritual courts in power. Some of the secular matters dealt with included anything to do with marriage and exclusive jurisdiction over cases involving wills. In England, the ecclesiastical courts had complete jurisdiction in matters of succession of personal property until the 16th century, and then in competition with the courts of chancery, until 1857. In many areas, where royal justice was insufficient, church court assumed jurisdiction. However, by the end of the 14th century, as the administration of royal justice increased, so did the heightened controversy between the two powers. The secular authorities found ways to diminish to power of the ecclesiastical courts, thus rendering their jurisdiction to that of spiritual matters. The civil contract of marriage was separated from the sacrament and other contracts and wills were brought into the secular domain. In England today the ecclesiastical courts exercise jurisdiction in civil cases concerning church buildings and in criminal cases in which clergymen are accused of spiritual crimes. As our forefathers came to America, they brought with them the ideals that were set before them in their native country. Although they left England looking for a new way of life, they used these ideals as the basis for a new society. With the Constitution of the United States a new form of government was formed. The three branches of federal government that arose from this are: legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (courts). Article I of the constitution establishes the legislative branch, Article II the executive and Article III the judicial. These three branches operate within a system known as checks and balances, this means that although each branch is separate, the Constitution often requires the cooperation among the branches. The federal courts are often called the guardians of the Constitution because their rulings protect rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. The federal courts interpret and apply the law to resolve disputes, through fair and impartial judgements. The federal courts do not make laws, that is the responsibility of Congress. Nor do the courts enforce the laws; this is the role of the President and executive branch departments and agencies. With the last statement being said, through out the years the Supreme Court has decided cases or made statements of opinion on cases that have set precedent on how the law was to be interpreted. The legislative branch of the government was set up to make, change or repeal laws, and not the judiciary branch of the government. As the Supreme Court has presided over cases, they have been called upon to interpret a specific law and clarify its intent. By doing so, they may alter the way that the executive branches of the government have been enforcing the law. Below is a summary of some cases that have made significant changes to the way a law was viewed, or clarified an interpretation of that law, thereby in essence making or changing a law. Scarlette Letter EssayThe cases before us raise questions, which go to the roots of our concepts of American criminal jurisprudence: the restraints society must observe consistent with the Federal Constitution in prosecuting individuals for crime. More specifically, we deal with the admissibility of statements obtained from an individual who is subjected to custodial police interrogation and the necessity for procedures which assure that the individual is accorded his privilege under the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution not to be compelled to incriminate himself. We dealt with certain phases of this problem recently in Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 (1964). There, as in the four cases before us, law enforcement officials took the defendant into custody and interrogated him in a police station for the purpose of obtaining a confession. The police did not effectively advise him of his right to remain silent or of his right to consult with his attorney. Rather, they confronted him with an alleged accomplice who accused him of having perpetrated a murder. When the defendant denied the accusation and said I didnt shoot Manuel, you did it, they handcuffed him and took him to an interrogation room. There, while handcuffed and standing, he was questioned for four hours until he confessed. During this interrogation, the police denied his request to speak to his attorney, and they prevented his retained attorney, who had come tothe police station, from consulting with him. At his trial, the State, over his objection, introduced the confession against him. We held that the statements thus made were constitutionally inadmissible. This case has been the subject of judicial interpretation and spirited legal debate since it was decided two years ago. Both state and federal courts, in assessing its implications, have arrived at varying conclusions.1 A wealth of scholarly material has been written tracing its ramifications and underpinnings.2 Police and prosecutor have speculated on its range and desirability.3 We granted certiorari in these cases, 382 U.S. 924, 925, 937, in order further to explore some facets of the problems, thus exposed, of applying the privilege against self-incrimination to in-custody interrogation, and to give concrete constitutional guidelines for law enforcement agencies and courts to follow. The Justice Department has recently urged the Supreme Court to reaffirm its 1966 Miranda Decision, arguing that Congress lacked authority to pass a 1968 law intended to reverse Miranda but never enforced. In the 33 years since (Miranda) was handed down, it has become embedded in law, said the filing signed by Attorney General Janet Reno, asserting that the decision has become a constitutional foundation that cannot be reversed through legislation. It still rests with the Supreme Court to decide in upcoming weeks whether to review the 1968 decision. As you can see in the three examples given, the Supreme Court has not authored new laws, changed or repealed them. The rulings they have handed down have affected many individuals. The interpretation of the laws and amendments they have reviewed, have dictated the way the police departments, other law enforcement agencies and courts do business, thus in my opinion acting as legislators in some form. COURTS AS LEGISLATORSBIBLIOGRAPHYInfoPedia 2.0 1992-1995 Softkey MultimediaAmerican History Online- http://Longman.awl.comFind Law: Laws, Cases and Codes http://Findlaw.comEncyclopedia Britannica- http://Britannica.comBusiness Law-The Legal, Ethical, and International EnvironmentThird edition Henry R. CheesemanLegal Issues